{"id":157,"date":"2006-08-04T13:44:35","date_gmt":"2006-08-04T17:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/freedom24.org\/rationalpost\/2006\/08\/04\/charlie-rose\/"},"modified":"2009-09-23T21:51:34","modified_gmt":"2009-09-24T01:51:34","slug":"charlie-rose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/freedom24.org\/rationalpost\/charlie-rose\/","title":{"rendered":"charlie rose"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/cirs.georgetown.edu\/events\/RamiKhouriCover.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1302\" title=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/freedom24.org\/rationalpost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/08\/RamiKhouriCover.jpg\" alt=\"RamiKhouriCover\" width=\"200\" height=\"135\" \/><\/a>Below is a transcript of the Charlie Rose <a href=\"http:\/\/video.google.com\/videoplay?docid=-5410219961304048630\">interview<\/a> with Rami Khoury, Editor-at-Large of The Daily Star, a leading English-language newspaper in Beirut. In the Middle East it&#8217;s been difficult to find a convincing argument <\/em>against <em>continued Israeli engagment in a non-Arab tongue, but this exchange, filmed on July 19th, cuts as close to the heart of the conflict as I&#8217;ve seen from a Palestinian commentator. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><!--more-->Charlie then followed up yesterday with former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, who summarized the situation in his typical, pragmatic prose, sucessfully bringing Iran and nuclear arms into the discussion and accepting America&#8217;s share of the blame for mishandling the meltdown from the start. I&#8217;ve yet to find a transcript of the interview, but here&#8217;s a link to <a title=\"Charlie Rose interviews Kissinger\" href=\"http:\/\/video.google.com\/videoplay?docid=4078254699358348828\" target=\"_blank\">the video<\/a>&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> There&#8217;s been a lot of focus on people trying to get out of Lebanon,  but there are also people who&#8217;re trying to return to their country.  One  of those is Rami Khouri, editor-at-large of the newspaper the &#8220;Daily Star.&#8221; He joins me now by phone from Amman, Jordan.  Thank you for doing  this.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> My pleasure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> I have two big  questions.  Number one, do you think the Israelis, if they continue these  attacks will be successful in doing great damage if not destroying the  capabilities of Hezbollah?<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> I am pretty certain that they will  fail in doing that, and the reason I say that is because they&#8217;ve tried this  three or four times with various groups in Lebanon and failed.   Over the  last 25 years, they did it with the Fatah guerillas in the late `60s, they  did with the PLO in the `70s, they did it with Hezbollah five &#8212; 10 years  ago.  They occupied south Lebanon for almost 20 years. They had free fire  zones.  They had no-go zones, they had red lines, blue lines, green lines.   Killing zones. Interdiction zones; international troops.  They tried  every possible trick in the book.  They even funded an armed &#8211; a  surrogate army in south Lebanon.<\/p>\n<p>Every single thing they have tried,  including long-term military occupation, has failed. And the reason it has  failed is that you cannot provide a military solution to a political  problem.  And you cannot win with overwhelming military force against a  determined guerrilla group fighting for its national sovereignty and its  human dignity. This is a lesson that every major military power in the  world has learned and the Americans learned it in Vietnam.  The Russians in  Afghanistan, the French in Algeria, the Americans are learning it again in Iraq. And the Israelis are obviously not learning it over and over and over in Palestine and Lebanon, so it will not succeed.  There&#8217;s no  question about that.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> Why do you think the Israelis have  not learned the lesson you think they should have?<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> I think  Israel fundamentally as a nation has never been able to come to grips with  two central notions in its modern history. One is the idea of a viable  legitimate Palestinian state, and the other is with the nature of Arab national identity, which also includes Lebanon itself. The Israelis have been so  obsessed with the idea of their own security and certainly, you know, rightly  so, given their modern and ancient history of being persecuted and subjected  to pogroms and holocausts.   But they have allowed their over-focus on their  security to blind them to the fact that they can never have security if their  neighbors don&#8217;t have it.  And I think this has been an irrational strain in  &#8211; in modern Zionism.   And unfortunately, the irrationality seems to have  expanded into the White House now as well.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> I`ll come to  that in a moment.  It seems &#8211; because Nick Burns is on our show tonight.    It seems to me that the Israelis or I would assume the Israelis will argue  that we were prepared to make a giant bargain at Camp David when, first, with  Sadat and then later with Yasser Arafat and Ehud Barak.   It didn&#8217;t happen.   We were prepared to take &#8211; to retreat from and withdraw from Gaza; we were  prepared to try to create boundaries by withdrawing.  We had plans on the  board for withdrawing from the West Bank.<\/p>\n<p>But Palestinians could not control  &#8212; this is not Hezbollah. Palestinians could not control the most extreme  elements within their population who continued to assault us across their  border.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> Well, I think that is &#8211; that`s a pretty good  representation of &#8211; of Israeli spin.  But it is not an accurate reality of  the politics and the nationalism and the forces on the ground in the Middle  East. The reality is that the Israelis most recently did unilaterally  withdraw from south Lebanon and from Gaza, but unilateral withdrawals do not  bring about peace if you don`t negotiate the peace settlement that responds  to the legitimate &#8211; and I stress the word legitimate &#8212; needs of both sides. So just pulling out of Gaza, while continuing to expand settlements in the  West Bank, assassinating Palestinians, surrounding Gaza, destroying the  airport, blockading the seaport, controlling the entry points, suffocating  the population, I mean all the things that Israel continued to do to make  Gaza unviable made this inevitable.<\/p>\n<p>So, there was &#8212; and the same thing  pulling out of south Lebanon certainly solved one part of the problem, which  was the direct Israeli occupation, but the occupation of south Lebanon was a  function of a wider Palestinian-Israeli and Arab-Israeli conflict that has  been going on since 1948.<\/p>\n<p>There is a solution; there is a diplomatic and  peaceful solution that responds to the needs of the Israelis and to the  surrounding Arab countries. The Israelis have never attempted that, which is  to enter into a peace negotiation that genuinely and legitimately and legally  responds to the simultaneous needs of the Arabs and the Israelis.   The  Israelis have been focused primarily on Israeli security.  And it`s  understandable from their point of view, but it is not a recipe for a peace  treaty.<\/p>\n<p>And so if they want to &#8212; and we&#8217;re at the same position again.  They  keep &#8212; I mean, the words they`re using now are surrealistic in terms  of repeating what they&#8217;ve said so many times before, that they want to destroy Hezbollah`s infrastructure, they want to push them back from the  border, they want to make north Israel secure.   They said that three or four  or five times in the last 20 years and have never been able to achieve it. The response has been that the Hamas and Hezbollah and the Iraqis a  few years ago developed long-range missiles and just sent them over the  security zone.  So there is no security in geography or the occupation or the pulverizing your neighbor.  The solution is to engage the Lebanese and  the Palestinians and the other relevant Arabs &#8212; in this case Syria  primarily and the Lebanese government&#8211; to engage them in a truly comprehensive peace negotiation this takes away the root cause of these  problems of the last 30, 40 years, which is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. They got close to it at one point at Camp David, but they never really got  to the root cause, which was the original cause of the `48 war, the  Palestinian refugees, the statelesness of Palestinians.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> The right of return and all of that.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> Well, I didn`t use the  word right of return on purpose because it`s a red flag.  What I`m talking  about is&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> The red flag for the Israelis or the red flag  for the Palestinians?<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> For the Israelis.  It would drive  them nuts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> Right, OK.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> What I&#8217;m talking  about is U.N. resolutions, legitimate international law, complying with  Security Council resolutions. I mean, it`s very ironic that Israel and the  Bush White House now &#8212; and I assume Nick Burns will say this as well &#8212; say  well, all they want is the implementation of Resolution 1559 of the Security  Council.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> I&#8217;m sure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> Well, that`s fine.  I  accept that.  But you can`t choose the Security Council resolutions that you  want.   If you &#8212; and I`m saying let`s apply 1559.  Hezbollah is perfectly  happy to apply 1559, but only if we apply the other U.N. resolutions, which  call for Israel to stop Jude-izing Jerusalem, expanding its settlements,  subjugating the Palestinians to a terrible ordeal, annexing the Golan  Heights. Security Council resolutions are not boxes of cereal on a  supermarket shelf, where you choose the ones you like and you leave the ones  you don`t like.<\/p>\n<p>So what we have never had in this process is a diplomatic  negotiation that is based on the principle that the Israelis and the Arabs  have identical and simultaneous rights.  If we can get to that point &#8212; and I  think we can &#8212; I`m still an optimist. There`s not many of us left in this  region, but I still think you can negotiate a kind of Arab-Israeli peace that  gives the Israelis what they deserve and what they want, which is security  and recognition in their own Jewish majority state, but you`ve got to give  those same things to the Palestinians and the Lebanese and the Syrians  and everybody else.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> But let me ask you this.  Why do you  &#8212; because I want to come to more of &#8212; put this thing in the context of  history which you have been doing, of history in a different way.   But you  are constantly saying that the Israelis and the Palestinians and the Arabs  have to negotiate on an equal basis and understanding the respective rights  of each other.  And that`s the way you get to a two-state solution. I`m not sure Hezbollah and Hamas wants a two-state solution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> Well,  my sense is &#8212; and unlike American diplomats who don`t even talk to these  people, let alone engage them in negotiation, my sense living here and  knowing Hezbollah and Hamas and all the other groups for many years, my sense  is that these are relatively pragmatic political organizations.<\/p>\n<p>These guys didn`t exist 20 years ago.  Hezbollah and Hamas did not exist 20 years  ago.  So where did they come from?  They didn`t come from the moon. These are political responses to populations that have been degraded and  occupied and bombed and killed and humiliated repeatedly by the Israelis,  and often with the direct or indirect acquiescence, or, as we see now, the  direct support of the United States. So my sense that we have to go back  to the root.  We have to keep going back to the root cause, which is the  Palestinian-Israeli conflict.  If you have a negotiation that responds to the  needs of both sides, my own feeling is that Hezbollah and Hamas will be  pragmatic and will in the final analysis accept the peace agreement that  responds to their needs, their people&#8217;s needs, that`s rooted in international  law and U.N. resolutions.<\/p>\n<p>And most importantly, these are political  organizations that are accountable to their own people.  So if the majority  of Palestinians, which is the case, say they were prepared to live with an  Israeli state in peace and recognition, Hamas ultimately will accept that. There`s no doubt about it.<\/p>\n<p>And they&#8217;ve shown some clear signs of this or at  least signals about this. But they`re not going to do it  unilaterally.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> All right. Tom Friedman, a columnist that  you know, wrote a piece today &#8212; and I`m going to read you the first  paragraph, because I have a follow-up question.  &#8220;Profiles of the Hezbollah  leader Hassan Nasrallah always describe him as the most brilliant or  strategic Arab player. I beg to differ. When the smoke clears, Nasrallah  will be remembered as the most foolhardy Arab leader since Egypt`s Gamal  Nasser miscalculated his way into the Six-Day War.&#8221;  Do you share that view or not?<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> Generally, I don`t share that view, but we really  can`t make a verdict.  We can`t give a verdict until we see what happens in  the current fighting and in the months and years ahead. I know Tom  Friedman well.  He`s a friend.  I respect him greatly.  I think his analysis  of the Middle East for years and years was actually quite incisive and  brilliant, but I think he`s actually wrong on this point. I think the  general tendency in Israel and in the American political establishment is to  fundamentally and almost completely misunderstand, misdiagnose the  significance of Hezbollah and Hamas and the wider Islamist movements that  are now winning elections all over the Middle East.<\/p>\n<p>And not just in the Arab  world, but in Turkey and Pakistan and other places. I think there&#8217;s a  fundamental misreading of who these people are, what they represent, why they came into being, what they want and what they will agree to negotiate  for.   And of course, most of the Arab leaders are also making the same  mistake. I`m not saying that Hezbollah and Hamas are wonderful groups.  I  have a strong criticisms of some of the things they do.  But I think I  understand them correctly for what they are, which is an organic, natural  response from Arab societies and political cultures and countries and  populations that have been repeatedly degraded by Israeli occupations and  attacks, and also let down by established Arab political leadership.<\/p>\n<p>So these groups emerged finally in the last 15 years as very serious, very effective in many cases resistance movements.  Remember, these are  resistance movements. They&#8217;re not proselytizing religious groups. They&#8217;re not mainstream political parties. They&#8217;re resistance movements that  are fighting for their national liberation and their national dignity. If they can achieve their goals of liberation, my suspicion is that they will  strike a pragmatic deal ultimately and co-exist with Israel, but only if  Israel in return gives the Palestinians and the other Arabs, Lebanese, their  rights as well. Statehood, security, sovereignty.  And that requires  solving the original 1948 Palestine refugee issue.  You can&#8217;t get away from  it.  It&#8217;s the core issue.  And because we haven`t solved it over the last 50  years, this is what we`ve ended up.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> What is the national  liberation that Hezbollah is dedicated to?<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> The liberation of all the territory of Lebanon. They are also&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> From  whom?<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> From Israel.  And they are also committed to having  Israel stop other propagations as well. Let me just answer the question.   There are several things that Hezbollah wants, which I think many other  people want.  They make to make sure that every inch of Lebanon is  liberated, because there are still some territories that are disputed.   They  want the prisoners that Israel took from Lebanon to be returned.  They don`t  want Israel to keep threatening Lebanon with overflights and attacks.  And  they are also in solidarity with other Arabs who are fighting Israel, like  Syria, like the Palestinians. But I`m saying that my personal sense is that  if there is a comprehensive negotiation, that these Islamist groups  ultimately will co-exist with an Israeli state. They won`t love it.  They  won`t be very happy about it perhaps in the first instance, but like the  Americans finally came around and accepted what they used to call red China, now they call the People&#8217;s Republic of China &#8212; people change. People evolve.<\/p>\n<p>You have to see these groups as political movements.  And you have to  see their political grievances and their political demands, and respond to  those, and not to trump up Israeli spin and propaganda, which  unfortunately has permeated the American political establishment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE  ROSE:*<\/strong> All right.   Having said all of that, and you help us with the  context, where do you think Israel`s actions this time &#8212; will it be viewed  as an historic moment in which Israel overextended itself, and in the act of  pursuing Hezbollah destroyed too much of Lebanon and never was able to overcome these events of the last few days?<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> Well, I think  Israel has clearly repeated the excessive use of its military force,  especially against civilian and infrastructural targets.   I mean, when they  go around bombing roads and bridges and power plants and civilians and  families and trucks, and stuff that is clearly not related to any kind of  security threat, I think this is doing what they&#8217;ve done before, but they`ve  done it in a much more vicious way this time, because the aim is to so  pulverize Lebanon that the Lebanese people turn against Hezbollah.<\/p>\n<p>The reality is that it`s probably not going to work.  Now, if they &#8212;  it`s possible that they might actually be able to hit most of  Hezbollah&#8217;s capabilities.   My guess is that that is not going to happen.   Hezbollah has been prepared for this for many years.  They have proved  themselves over the years to be extremely effective in military resistance  and attacking Israel.<\/p>\n<p>And you know, here they are eight days after Israel  started, and they&#8217;re still firing missiles all over northern Israel.  The  Arab countries collectively were defeated in seven days in 1967.   But here  you have Hamas and Hezbollah still firing rockets into Israel. Some people, of course, will say, well, this is because these guys just want to kill all the Jews.  Well, that`s not correct, in my view. I think these guys  want to hit back against an Israeli state that has humiliated and occupied  them for years and years and has been destroying their countries.<\/p>\n<p>And it&#8217;s  no accident that Israel simultaneously now has destroyed civilian airports in  Beirut and in Gaza, knocked out power plants and destroyed governments.   And  one of the reasons that the Lebanese government is so weak and why Hezbollah  has become so strong is precisely because for the last 25, 30 years since the  late `60s, Israel has been repeatedly bombing and shelling and killing,  displacing Lebanese and destroying the national economy, to weaken the  Lebanese government so much so that there is no Lebanese government, effectively.<\/p>\n<p>And people will not live in a vacuum.  So you`ve got these  resistance movements that have developed and have not only support in their  own countries, even though some people, of course, criticize Hezbollah for  doing what they did and for triggering this massive Israeli assault, but  there&#8217;s strong support for Hezbollah in Lebanon. More importantly and I  think more worryingly for Israel and the U.S. is there&#8217;s now much, much  stronger public opinion support all over the Arab world for Hezbollah and  Hamas.   And this is a catastrophe for Israel and particularly for the United  States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> Notwithstanding what the Saudis and the Egyptians  have said in criticizing the Hezbollah?<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> Well, the Saudi  and the Egyptian governments are not fully representative of their people, I  would argue. I think these are governments that have mixed credibility at  home.  And of course, they say these things, and the Jordanian governments  and others, because they&#8217;re very worried about this expanding wave of  Islamist political sentiment.  Even through democratic political elections,  Islamist groups are winning &#8212; Muslim Brothers and Hamas and Ebola &#8212; and  this terrifies the Saudi and Jordanian and Egyptian and other governments, so  this is &#8212; of course they`re going to say this.   They`re also worried about  links now with these groups with Iran.<\/p>\n<p>So &#8212; but I think what the  governments of these countries say is not necessarily what the majority of  their people think.  And this is one of the phenomena that I think people in  Israel and the United States have completely misunderstood.   The widespread  public opinion, support in the Arab countries, as well as many other  countries around the world, the support for Hezbollah and Hamas in standing  up to Israel and delivering the  punishment that they are &#8212; I mean, you  know, most of the &#8212; the top third of Israel, the population of the third of  &#8212; the northern third of Israel has been living in bomb shelters for the last  two or three days.   This is not happy sight for Israelis clearly, but for  the first time, you have a balance of civilian terror.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> Well, they say that`s why they`re trying to wipe out Hezbollah, because  Hezbollah has &#8212; I`m going on too long, but that`s why they`re trying to  wipe out Hezbollah, because Hezbollah has that capability because of its  support and encouragement of Syria and Iran whose very missiles it is launching into Israel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> Well, the reality is that Hezbollah  has developed these capabilities and widespread public support in response  to the fact that Israel has been bombing and terrorizing civilians in Lebanon  for the last 25 years.   I mean, you have to understand the real cause and  effect in this situation. We&#8217;re at a situation now where for the first time  probably since Saddam Hussein lobbed his missiles into Israel in the war back in what was it&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> `91.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> &#8230; `91.  For  the first time, you have widespread fear among civilian populations in  northern Israel and possibly in other places in Israel to come. I don`t  say this with any glee.  I say this with great sadness.  I mean, this is a  tragedy that you have now Lebanese, Palestinians and Israelis all suffering the consequences of this cycle of militarism and barbarism. So this is a cycle that we have to understand it as a war between two different people.<\/p>\n<p>The Israelis are trying to project this as peace-loving  Israel making all these brave, bold gestures, and the Arabs just want to  kill it.  What happened to the last, you know, 30 years of Israeli occupation and subjugation and killing of Palestinians and Lebanese? Do we just forget about that?  We don`t forget about it.  History doesn`t work like that. Human nature doesn`t work like that.<\/p>\n<p>People finally in Palestine and in Lebanon developed resistance movements that stand up to the Israelis and deliver some punishment, even though they&#8217;re small pinpricks maybe, a  missile here and a kidnapping soldier there. But it has developed a certain  amount of deterrence, these two groups have developed a certain amount of  deterrence, that I think has driven the Israelis mad.  They simply cannot handle this, other than with their military punishment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> OK, Rami, I have to go, but I thank you so much.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> All right. Glad to talk to you. And I hope you`re well. How is your  health?<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> Much better.  Thank you for asking. Much better.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*RAMI KHOURI:*<\/strong> All right. Take care of yourself. Bye-bye.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*CHARLIE ROSE:*<\/strong> Rami Khouri from Amman, Jordan, who lives in Beirut, where he`s editor at large of &#8220;The Daily Star.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Below is a transcript of the Charlie Rose interview with Rami Khoury, Editor-at-Large of The Daily Star, a leading English-language newspaper in Beirut. In the Middle East it&#8217;s been difficult to find a convincing argument against continued Israeli engagment in a non-Arab tongue, but this exchange, filmed on July 19th, cuts as close to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_s2mail":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,13,4],"tags":[186,185,161,109],"class_list":["post-157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-other","category-the-middle-east","category-world-affairs","tag-lebanon","tag-negotiation","tag-peace","tag-war"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>charlie rose - The Rational Post<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/freedom24.org\/rationalpost\/charlie-rose\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"charlie rose - The Rational Post\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Below is a transcript of the Charlie Rose interview with Rami Khoury, Editor-at-Large of The Daily Star, a leading English-language newspaper in Beirut. 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